Category Archives: School-Based Practice

Discover school-based therapy resources and intervention strategies tailored to therapists working in educational environments. Support student engagement, learning, and development through targeted tools that align with IEP goals, classroom expectations, and inclusive practices.

Rhythm of the Words: Using Songs & Games to Boost Literacy

April 13, 2019Academic Skill Development, Events & Conferences, School-Based Practiceclassroom strategies, literacy, occupational therapy (OT) tools, saturday seminar recaps, therapist resourcesTherapro

Cleopatra Knight-Wilkins, OTD, MED, OTR/L presenter for the Saturday Seminar Rhythm of the Words: Integrating Multicultural Songs & Games with Occupational Therapy to Promote Literacy.

Cleopatra Knight-Wilkins, OTD, MED, OTR/L presented a joyful April Saturday Seminar at Therapro headquarters entitled: Rhythm of the Words: Integrating Multicultural Songs & Games with Occupational Therapy to Promote Literacy. Attendees were up on their feet, moving, clapping and singing for most of the two hour seminar. Dr. Knight-Wilkins led the attendees in activities that engaged their sensory systems. She discussed how the songs and games can be used as part of the therapeutic process as well as how they can be used to target educational goals.

Cleopatra’s rich and extensive experience as an occupational therapist, educator, and performing artist has fueled her passion for integrating musical elements with occupational therapy modalities by using multicultural songs, games, and movement patterns to address the occupation of literacy. Currently, she is in the process of publishing her research-based, multi-media curriculum resource guide entitled Rhythm of the Words: Integrating Multicultural Songs & Games with Occupational Therapy to Improve Literacy. She presented a poster session at the AOTA Annual Conference in New Orleans earlier this month on this topic.

AOTA advocates for the role of occupational therapists in supporting literacy. Research indicates that movement and music improve literacy development. Cleopatra cited a number of interesting studies that demonstrate that isolated handclapping songs result in improved motor and cognitive skills. One particular study that examined training classroom handclapping songs versus participation in music appreciation classes found that training handclapping songs was more efficient in developing literacy skills in 2nd and 3rd grade children than was participation in music appreciation classes.

Attendees formed small and large groups to participate in ‘warm up’ activities, games that involve imitation and chanting, and musical play with graded complexity of movements. Favorites included “Head ‘N Shoulders Baby” played with a partner clapping in various patterns, and “Button You Must Wander,” where a button is passed secretly around a circle while “It” sits in the center of the circle and must guess who has the button. In addition to games and chants, Cleopatra recommended musical CDs such as Make a Sound and Move Around, Simplified Rhythm Stick Activities, and Songames for Sensory Processing. Using Gertie Balls to bounce, catch, and throw to a rhythm, chant, or song can address visual motor, fine motor, and timing skills.

Dr. Knight-Wilkins was an engaging presenter who demonstrated that music, rhythm and movement offer a unique, evidence-based approach to improving language literacy in children of all ages and abilities.

Take a look at some comments from attendees:

“Enjoyed the ‘occupation’ of children reminder! Could implement activities for a whole group and at individual desks.” – Adriana M,, Occupational Therapist

“Something different but very relevant to school-based practice, especially when many schools now have lost funding for music programs.” – Jennifer C., Occupational Therapist

“Cleo was lovely & entertaining. Very knowledgeable. Different perspective on the regular teaching method.” – Anonymous, Occupational Therapist

“Movement to songs was wonderful – I can see how my students would enjoy it. Reminds me that I want to put music/rhythm in my sessions more often.” – Janet L., Occupational Therapist

Thank you, Cleopatra!

Filomena Connor, MS, OTR/L
April 13, 2019

Assistive Technology in Schools: Enhancing Accessibility and Learning

January 23, 2019Assistive Technology, School-Based Practiceassistive technology professionals (ATPs), classroom strategies, saturday seminar recaps, therapist resourcesTherapro

Assistive Technology in Schools presenter Kristi Voelkerding, BS, COTA/L, ATP, ROH

Assistive Technology in Schools was presented by Kristi Voelkerding, BS, COTA/L, ATP, ROH on a brisk February morning at Therapro headquarters with 45 attentive, engaged, interactive, vocal attendees.

Kristi has forged a distinguished career path as an AT specialist who is in demand as a speaker. She has worked for Easter Seals primarily as a consultant mainly in school-based settings since 2000. Her breath of knowledge regarding assistive technology is extensive and current. In a field where technology changes constantly, she is a wonderful resource for therapists, teachers, and families. AOTA conferred upon Kristi a Roster of Honor award in 2007 to recognize her leadership in AOTA and her innovative practices in assistive technology.

Kristi’s seminar spurred audience interaction regarding apps recommended and apps used successfully with various age groups. She discussed using technology as a “bridge” that should be introduced early in school so that students can access learning in ways that are unique to them and their needs. She initiated her talk with discussion about the broad variety of keyboards available that can match a student’s needs. She advocated that the student must find what method of keyboarding is fastest for him/her, be it one finger, one hand, two hands, or even the nose or foot. She suggested creating word lists on the computer to practice learning the geographical area on the keyboard. Kristi cautioned that layering copying (motor task) with thinking about the content of the task (cognitive task) is difficult. She recommended that a speech recognition program be used if the student has difficulty holding the thought while trying to type it. Creating a first draft on the keyboard was recommended rather than writing, and then copying it onto the computer.

Kristi noted that more schools are moving toward using the chromebook because it is more cost effective than an iPad, especially if it’s damaged and needs to be replaced. In addition, work on the chromebook is not lost if the device is damaged. A negative of using the chromebook is that a user cannot be “locked in” to a particular site. User needs must be considered when deciding which device would be best.

Apps are available for all age groups. iTrace is an iPad app for teaching handwriting, spelling, and letter identification. It may be a great place to start with a preschool student. Kristi advocated for using a stylus vs. using a finger for handwriting work, and in this app the student uses a stylus. For students who are moving from high school to college, there is “transition technology” available that promotes the shift from using adult support to depending on technology instead. For older students, she discussed using the Livescribe, a smart pen that facilitates note taking by recording everything you hear, write, and draw. The smartpen records audio and links it to what the student writes. Another note taking app for use with an iPad is Nebo MyScript, which lets you write, draw, quickly edit and structure notes, and convert them into digital text, using a stylus.

Kristi provided a number of resources for PCWindows Programs, Chromebooks/Chrome apps/add-ons/extensions, and Websites/Web-based apps. The resources have grown exponentially in the past few years and continue to swell. We are grateful to Kristi for sharing her expertise and experience navigating this area of practice.

Take a look at some attendees’ positive responses to Kristi’s seminar:

“Kristi was informative & knowledgeable regarding the materials presented. Lots of material I can use on Monday at school.” – Alyson P., Occupational Therapist

“Very informative and interactive. Well presented.” – Jillian N., Occupational Therapist

“Lots of useful info.” – Marisol P., Teacher/Parent

“Very knowledgeable speaker. Very receptive to gearing her talk to audience needs. Lots of info presented.” – Anonymous, Occupational Therapist

“Learned abut some new, exciting, & cutting edge technology.” – Sharon T., Occupational Therapist

Thank you, Kristi!

Filomena Connor, MS, OTR/L
February 23, 2018

Do Gifted But Non-Disabled Children Need Occupational Therapy?

November 15, 2017School-Based Practice, Therapist Resourcesoccupational therapy (OT) tools, therapist resourcesGuest Blogger

School-based occupational therapists are familiar with receiving requests for assessments or interventions for children with delays of all kinds. What happens when the service request is for a child that has been identified as gifted or talented, but has no diagnosed disorders (non-disabled)? Will OT treatment help a child whose brain is globally and permanently wired for intense responses?

Some common behavioral characteristics of the gifted often suggest that sensory processing difficulties could be present:

Sensitivity to lighting, fabrics, and other sensory stimulation.
Seeking strong sensory-motor input throughout the day.
Difficulty tolerating school rules such as taking turns or sharing the spotlight in discussions.
Pursues interests in isolation or with adults rather than with peers.
Resistance to complete assigned projects; pursues personal interests.

Theorists such as Kazimierz Dabrowski have attributed these and other behaviors to multiple “overexcitabilites.” He identified five primary areas of over-excitability in gifted individuals: psychomotor, sensory, intellectual, imaginational and emotional. Not considered to be signs of neurological disorders, they are thought to be the result of a brain that is wired differently than children of average abilities. Brain imagining studies suggest that the gifted make faster and more complex associations between stimuli. They perceive experiences and interactions with more depth and intensity than other children, and have an inborn drive to follow their passions.

These brain characteristics are not necessarily problematic for every gifted child. When teachers and parents know how to support children who learn differently, the gifted child can become a positive force and even a leader in the classroom. Although scores on the Sensory Profile or on other sensory-based assessments may suggest an SI diagnosis, there are gifted children that manage successfully in school and at home without intervention. They may even come up with their own sensory diet, having identified activities that provide what they need. For example, a child that seeks sensory input could engage in complex art projects or specific sports activities that provide visual, tactile, vestibular or proprioceptive input. A sensory-sensitive child may happily use an unoccupied corner of the room with indirect light for free reading time.

Some gifted children will have difficulty in class, especially when their behavior is at odds with school routines and social norms. A child that takes over discussions or refuses to work on a group project may disrupt a classroom or be unable to complete assignments even though their academic abilities exceed their peers. A child that refuses to wear a tie or participate in music class may need help to handle the demands of school.

Anne Cronin, OTR, FAOTA has recommended that gifted children can benefit from sensory diets and modulation strategies found in programs such as “ It is worth noting that gifted children may be able to comprehend and implement programs at earlier ages and stages than typical children. Children who were reading at 3 or creating complex imaginary civilizations at 5 may learn and incorporate a sensory diet almost immediately on accepting its value. Such students may even improve on your suggested activities with one of their own creation! This is the time to collaborate with them and provide them with the positive feedback they may need in order to try new ways of responding at school and at home.

Patterned Fluorescent Light Filter, a resource for Gifted but Non-Disabled Children — Patterned Fluorescent Light Filter

Fluorescent Light Filter, a resource for Gifted but Non-Disabled Children — Fluorescent Light Filter

The same sensory-based equipment that we recommend for other children with sensory processing problems could help gifted children as well. Fluorescent Light Filters effectively dim harsh lighting, and fidgets for feet and hands can be effective tools that don’t disrupt productive work. Because gifted children need to learn to manage and modulate their intense and complex responses, there are many ways that OTs could be helpful to these children.

Gifted children may need a wider variety of tools to give them the desired novelty they crave, or they may reject many ideas rapidly. Always ask for an explanation and be ready with alternatives. A gifted child may be able to project many steps ahead of you and identify roadblocks that you don’t anticipate…yet!

Cathy Collyer, OTR, LMT, PLLC

Cathy Collyer, OTR, LMT has treated children with neurological, orthopedic and sensory processing disorders for over 20 years. She is the author of The Practical Guide To Toilet Training Your Child With Low Muscle Tone.